Addressing Periodontal Disease: Preventing Tooth Loss
The term "periodontal" pertains to the area surrounding the tooth. Periodontal disease, also known as periodontitis and gum disease, is a prevalent inflammatory condition that affects the soft tissues that support and surround the tooth. In more severe cases, it can even impact the jawbone itself.
Gingivitis, which is a bacterial infection of the gum tissue, often precedes periodontal disease. The toxins found in plaque irritate and inflame the gums, leading to a bacterial infection. Once this infection settles in the gum pockets between the teeth, it becomes difficult to remove and treat. As time passes, periodontal disease advances and causes damage to the connective tissue and jawbone. If left untreated, it can result in teeth shifting, teeth becoming loose, and eventually tooth loss.
Periodontal disease is the leading cause of tooth loss among adults in developed countries and should be addressed promptly.
Different Types of Gum Disease
If gingivitis, a mild gum inflammation, is not treated, it can progress to affect the area below the gum line. The toxins in plaque can irritate the gums, leading to a chronic inflammatory response that causes the body to break down and destroy its own bone and soft tissue. Periodontal disease may not have many symptoms, but it can cause the teeth to separate from the infected gum tissue. Deepening pockets between the gums and teeth are usually a sign that periodontal disease is causing the destruction of soft tissue and bone.
There are several common types of periodontal disease:
- Chronic periodontitis: This form of periodontal disease is characterized by inflammation in the supporting tissues, leading to deep pockets and gum recession. The gums appear to recede, making it seem like the teeth are getting longer. It is the most common type of periodontal disease and involves a gradual loss of attachment, with occasional periods of rapid progression.
- Aggressive periodontitis: Individuals who are otherwise clinically healthy can develop this type of gum disease. It is characterized by a rapid loss of gum attachment, chronic bone destruction, and a tendency to run in families.
- Necrotizing periodontitis: This form of periodontal disease primarily affects individuals with systemic conditions such as HIV, immunosuppression, and malnutrition. It causes tissue death (necrosis) in the periodontal ligament, alveolar bone, and gingival tissues.
- Periodontitis caused by systemic disease: This type of gum disease often starts at a young age and is associated with medical conditions like respiratory disease, diabetes, and heart disease.
Treating and addressing periodontal disease is crucial in order to prevent any additional harm to the gums, bone, and teeth.
Periodontal disease can be effectively treated with the appropriate treatment
The periodontist has a range of surgical and nonsurgical treatments available for addressing the condition of the teeth, gums, and jawbone. Prior to any treatment, a comprehensive periodontal exam will be conducted.
Below are some typical treatments for periodontal disease:
- Scaling and root planing: This procedure involves the removal of bacteria and tartar to maintain the health of gum tissue. In cases of infection, antibiotics may be prescribed, and a prescription mouthwash may be recommended for daily oral hygiene.
- Tissue regeneration: Grafting procedures are used to stimulate the regrowth of damaged bone and gum tissues. A membrane may be inserted to assist in the regeneration process.
- Pocket elimination surgery: Also known as flap surgery, this surgical treatment aims to reduce the size of pockets between the teeth and gums. In some cases, jawbone surgery may be necessary to eliminate bacterial colonization.
- Dental implants: This procedure involves the implantation of prosthetic teeth into the jawbone to restore both functionality and aesthetics. Tissue regeneration procedures may be required to strengthen the bone before the placement of implants.
Please feel free to reach out to our office if you have any inquiries or worries regarding periodontal disease, periodontal treatment, or dental implants.